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Scientific and technological innovation is the most important role in driving the development of minimally invasive surgery. After more than 30 years of development, modern mini-mally invasive surgery represented by laparoscopic surgery has gradually matured. Various types of minimally invasive surgeries have been popularized, and the difficulty of surgery has changed from extreme to limit. Surgical equipments and instruments can meet the needs of most clinical operations. The future of minimally invasive surgery has reached a crossroad, and only scientific and technological innovation can promote the development of minimally invasive surgery change lanes and overtake, ushering in new development, new methods, and a new world. For innovation, the most important thing is not knowledge, but vision and ideas. A new technological revolution will inevitably bring about changes in the industry. What changes will be ushered in the operation and treatment of diseases in the future? What will be the breakthrough of minimally invasive surgery? It is worth to wait and see. The authors discuss the development direction of minimally invasive surgery based on the recent application of hot technologies in laparoscopic surgery.
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The application of minimally invasive surgery has experienced rapid develop-ment for more than 30 years. The continuous development of minimally invasive technology and instru-ments in the fields of energy platform and imaging equipment has promoted the progress of laparos-copic surgery to be more accurate and secure, and the development of laparoscopic surgery itself has also continuously fed back the innovation of technology and instruments. In recent years, the innovative development of minimally invasive technology and instruments has been more closely combined with the current scientific and technological frontier, leading to the innovative achievements in the fields of robotic surgery, screenless surgery, artificial intelligence, electronic instrument, virtualization and so on. In the new era, surgeons should always keep an eye on the forefront of science and technology, the combination of surgery and technology, application of advanced technology to solve the key problems of current surgery, so as to inject new vitality into the next development of minimally invasive surgery.
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Mosaic chromosomal alteration (mCA) is referred to as large-scale somatic mutations on chromosomes, which results in diverse karyotypes in body. The mCA is regarded as one of the phenotypes of aging. Studies have revealed its associations with many chronic diseases such as hematopoietic cancers and cardiovascular diseases, but its genetic basis (e.g. genetic susceptibility variants) is still under-investigated. This paper reviews GWAS studies for mCA on autosomal chromosomes and sex chromosomes [mosaic loss of the Y chromosome (mLOY) and mosaic loss of the X chromosome (mLOX)] based on large population, respectively. Most of the genetic susceptibility loci found in studies for autosomal mCA were associated with copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity. The study of sex chromosome mCA focused on mosaic loss mutations. The number of genetic susceptibility loci for mLOY was high (up to 156), but it was relatively less for mLOX.
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Humans , Male , Genome-Wide Association Study/methods , Mosaicism , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Chromosomes, Human, Y , MutationABSTRACT
Objective: To describe the epidemiological distribution characteristics of peripheral blood mosaic chromosomal alteration (mCA) in community adults aged 30-79 years in 10 regions of China. Methods: A total of 100 297 participants with complete baseline information (demographic characteristics, lifestyle, physical examination, etc.) and genotyping data of blood-derived DNA in ten regions of the China Kadoorie Biobank study were included. The mCAs were detected with the Mosaic Chromosomal Alterations pipeline, and logistic regression models were used to compare the differences in the detection rate of mCAs in different regions and populations. Results: A total of 5 810 mCA carriers were detected, with the detection rate of 5.8%. The standardized detection rate was 5.1%. The baseline detection rate of mCA increased with age, which were 3.4%, 5.0%, and 9.4% in those aged 30-, 51-, and >60 years, respectively (trend test P<0.001). A more significant proportion of mCAs were found in men (8.0%) than women (4.0%), as well as in urban areas (6.4%) than in rural areas (5.3%), the difference was significant (P<0.001). After adjusting for age and gender, the detection rate of mCA was higher in current smokers or people quitting smoking due to illness and people with low physical activity level, and the mCA detection rate was lower in obesy people (5.3%) than that in people with normal body weight (5.9%) (P=0.006). Conclusions: The detection rate of mCAs varied with region and population in community adults aged 30-79 years in 10 regions of China. The study results might contribute to the molecular identification of aging populations and guide precision prevention of age-related diseases such as cancers.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aged , China/epidemiology , Life Style , Risk Factors , Smoking/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Itch is an unpleasant sensation that provokes the desire to scratch. While acute itch serves as a protective system to warn the body of external irritating agents, chronic itch is a debilitating but poorly-treated clinical disease leading to repetitive scratching and skin lesions. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of chronic itch remain mysterious. Here, we identified a cell type-dependent role of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in controlling chronic itch-related excessive scratching behaviors in mice. Moreover, we delineated a neural circuit originating from excitatory neurons of the ACC to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) that was critically involved in chronic itch. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the ACC→VTA circuit also selectively modulated histaminergic acute itch. Finally, the ACC neurons were shown to predominantly innervate the non-dopaminergic neurons of the VTA. Taken together, our findings uncover a cortex-midbrain circuit for chronic itch-evoked scratching behaviors and shed novel insights on therapeutic intervention.
Subject(s)
Mice , Animals , Gyrus Cinguli/physiology , Pruritus/pathology , Mesencephalon , Cerebral Cortex/pathology , Neurons/pathologyABSTRACT
End-stage patients experience unbearable pain because of refractory symptoms.Palliative sedation is a form of palliative care which relieves patients' agony by lowering their consciousness.Standard palliative sedation can help patients die with dignity.It is distinct from euthanasia and does not alter the survival of patients.Sufficient palliative care is the premise of palliative sedation.Repeated and detailed clinical evaluation,as well as multidisciplinary involvement,is necessary for the standardized implementation of palliative sedation.Here,we proposed the standard process and specifications of palliative sedation in Peking Union Medical College Hospital.Furthermore,we reported a case of palliative sedation for an advanced cancer patient with refractory delirium and living pain to demonstrate its application in clinical practice.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anesthesia , Pain , Hospitals , Palliative Care , UniversitiesABSTRACT
Objective To quantitatively study the influence of changes in probe position on the quality control test results of dental panoramic radiography and to provide a reference for analyzing the sources of deviations in quality control test results. Methods Eight different models of dental panoramic X-ray machines were selected for this study. The film analysis method was used to determine the position of the central axis of the main beam on the image detector. The position of the probe was accurately controlled through an auxiliary moving device. The tube voltage, radiation output, and half-value layer of the useful beam were measured for positions at the center of the beam; 1 cm upward, downward, left, and right from the center of the beam; and 2 cm upward, downward, left, and right from the center of the beam. Results The tube voltage, radiation output, and half-value layer had a maximum value at the center of the beam, with a decrease in the value as the position deviated from the center. There were significant differences in the probe position sensitivity between different models of dental panoramic radiography equipment. A 2 cm deviation in the probe position resulted in an impact on the measured tube voltage of less than 5.3 kV (5.8%) for less sensitive equipment. A 2 mm deviation in the probe position resulted in an impact on the measured tube voltage of less than 5.4 kV (6.0%) for sensitive equipment. Conclusion The probe position can lead to deviation in the quality control test results of dental panoramic photography. Therefore, determining the position of the central axis of the main beam on the image detector for accurate positioning of the probe is crucial for quality control testing.
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Under the background of "Internet+Healthcare", the iterative development and large-scale application of new technologies have brought great impact on doctor-patient relationship, and promoted the harmonious development of doctor-patient relationship to a certain extent. By analyzing the impact of "Internet+Healthcare" on doctor-patient relationship, this paper proposed to deepen the patient-centered doctor-patient relationship model, enhance the efficiency of doctor-patient communication and improve communication channels between doctors and patients, strengthen the supervision of internet medical information, and call on new media to actively promote the development of doctor-patient relationship.
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Objective:To observe the protective effect of etomidate (ET) on cultured retinal ganglion cells (RGC) with mechanical injury in vitro.Methods:New Sprague-Dawley rat RGC was cultured in vitro and identified by double immunofluorescent labeling of Thy1.1 and microtubule associated protein 2. The cultured primary cells were randomly divided into control group, RGC scratch group, ET low dose group (1 μmol/L), ET medium dose group (5 μmol/L) and ET high dose group (10 μmol/L). The RGC mechanical injury model was established by using iris knife to culture cells in RGC scratch group and ET group with different concentration. Seven days after modeling, the RGC survival rate of each group was detected by cell count Kit 8 proliferation assay. The apoptosis rate of RGC was detected by Annexin Ⅴ/propyl iodide double staining. Single factor analysis of variance was used to compare the groups. The pairwise comparison between groups was tested by the least significant difference method.Results:The survival rates of RGC in RGC scratch group, ET low dose group, ET medium dose group and ET high dose group were (72.60±2.97)%, (73.73±1.14)%, (79.19±1.79)% and (83.88±0.94)%, respectively. The RGC apoptosis rates of control group, RGC scratch group, ET low dose group, ET medium dose group and ET high dose group were (5.08±0.17)%, (18.67±1.24)%, (17.96±0.74)%, (15.11±0.56)% and (11.67±1.32)%, respectively. Comparison of RGC survival rate between groups: compared with RGC scratch group, the cell survival rate of ET low-dose group, ET medium-dose group and ET high-dose group was increased, and the difference between RGC scratch group and ET low-dose group was not statistically significant ( P=0.728); the differences between RGC scratch group, ET medium dose group and ET high dose group were statistically significant ( P<0.001); the difference between ET medium dose group and ET high dose group was statistically significant ( P=0.002). Comparison of apoptosis rate of RGC among groups: the apoptosis rate of RGC scratch group was significantly higher than that of control group, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001). Compared with RGC scratch group, the apoptosis rate of ET low-dose group, ET medium-dose group and ET high-dose group was decreased, and there was no statistical significance between RGC scratch group and ET low-dose group ( P=0.869). The differences of apoptosis rate between RGC scratch group, ET medium dose group and ET high dose group were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The difference of apoptosis rate between ET medium dose group and ET high dose group was statistically significant ( P=0.007). Conclusion:ET has neuroprotective effect on RGC cultured in vitro with mechanical injury, and the protective effect increases with the increase of ET dose in a certain range.
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Objective:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of general anesthesia versus conscious sedation in patients with endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke.Methods:Databases, including English databases PubMed, Embase and Cochrane, as well as Chinese databases Wan Fang Data and CNKI, were screened for randomized controlled trials (RCT) of general anesthesia versus conscious sedation on the effect of endovascular treatment for acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke. The searching period was from the establishment of databases to July 14, 2022. Two researchers independently screened literatures, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias. And meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.3 software.Results:A total of 7 RCTs involving 923 patients were included, with 461 in the general anesthesia group and 462 in the other. As the meta-analysis showing, general anesthesia could significantly improve the good outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score≤2) at 3 months after endovascular treatment in comparison with conscious sedation ( OR=1.34, 95% CI 1.01-1.78, P=0.04), and significantly increased the rate of successful revascularization ( OR=1.87, 95% CI 1.32-2.65, P<0.001). In addition, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in mortality ( OR=0.93, 95% CI 0.66-1.29, P=0.65), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage ( OR=0.88, 95% CI 0.57-1.35, P=0.55) and intervention-related complications ( OR=0.83, 95% CI 0.50-1.36, P=0.46). However, general anesthesia was associated with higher risk for both 20% reduction in mean arterial pressure ( OR=4.76, 95% CI 1.49-15.19, P=0.008) and pneumonia ( OR=2.58, 95% CI 1.51-4.39, P<0.001). Conclusions:Compared with conscious sedation, endovascular treatment under general anesthesia in patients with acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke may contribute to better outcomes and higher successful revascularization. However, this method will lead to the risk of blood pressure variability and the incidence of pneumonia.
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Objective:To investigate the incidence of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in patients with HIV (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) infection, and analyze the relationship between Th17/Treg cytokines, CD4 + T lymphocytes and IRIS. Methods:HIV patients with TB infection admitted to Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu from June 2020 to June 2022 were divided into IRIS group (31 cases) and non IRIS group (93 cases) according to whether IRIS occurred after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The Demography data, clinical data and laboratory indicators of the two groups were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the influencing factors of IRIS in HIV patients with TB infection.Results:There was no significant difference in Demography data between the two groups ( P>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the history of opportunistic infection between the IRIS group and the non IRIS group (χ 2=5.194, P<0.05). The levels of HIV RNA, interleukin (IL)-17, and IL-23 in the IRIS group were higher than those in the non IRIS group (all P<0.05). The levels of the γ interferon (IFN- γ), the transforming growth factor-β (TGF- β) and baseline CD4 + T lymphocyte count were lower than those in the non IRIS group (all P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that IL-17 ( OR: 1.266, 95% CI: 1.095-1.464), IL-23( OR: 1.384, 95% CI: 1.120-1.710), and TGF- β( OR: 0.589, 95% CI: 0.436-0.797) were influencing factors for the occurrence of IRIS in HIV patients with TB infection (all P<0.05). Conclusions:For patients with high IL-17 levels, high IL-23 levels, and low TGF- β level of HIV complicated with TB infection, clinical prevention and control should be carried out as soon as possible to prevent the occurrence of IRIS.
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Objective:To explore the effects of feedback teaching based on dynamic cases on teaching quality of practice nurses in the department of neurosurgery.Methods:A total of 69 practice nurses from the Department of Neurosurgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were enrolled as the research subjects between January 2019 and August 2020, of which 33 practice nurses between January and October 2019 were selected as the control group and the other 36 practice nurses between November 2019 and August 2020 were selected as the observation group. The control group used routine teaching, while the observation group adopted feedback teaching based on dynamic cases. The assessment scores, practice effect, nursing job satisfaction, and the incidence of nursing errors after teaching were compared between the two groups. SPSS 24.0 was used for Chi-square test and t-test. Results:After teaching, the scores of each assessment (teaching rounds, health education, specialist nursing operations, morning questions, basic operations, and theoretical assessment) in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the scores of disease change recognition ability, independent work ability, communication ability and teamwork ability were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). After 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks of teaching, the teaching satisfaction in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P<0.05). The total incidence of nursing errors in the observation group 2.78%(1/36) was significantly lower than that in the control group 27.27(9/33)( P<0.05). Conclusion:Feedback teaching based on dynamic cases can effectively improve the teaching quality of practice nurses in the department of neurosurgery, improve nursing job satisfaction, and reduce the risk of nursing errors.
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AIM: To explore the efficacy of Danshen injection iontophoresis in the treatment of retinal vein occlusion(RVO).METHODS: The clinical data of 90 patients(90 eyes)with RVO treated in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were analyzed retrospectively, and they were divided into control group and observation group according to treatment methods. A total of 38 patients(38 eyes)in the control group were treated with intravenous Xueshuantong+oral compound Xueshuantong capsule+enteric-coated aspirin, and 52 patients(52 eyes)in the observation group were treated with Danshen injection iontophoresis on this basis. The treatment time of the two groups was 3mo. The clinical efficacy, best corrected visual acuity, retinal condition and hemorheological indexes(whole blood low shear viscosity, fibrinogen)were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.RESULTS: The total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(87% vs 58%,P<0.05)at 3mo after treatment. The best corrected visual acuity in both groups was better than that before treatment, and the observation group was better than the control group(all P<0.05).The circulation time of retinal vein, the relative diameter of retinal vein and the relative area of retinal hemorrhage in the observation group were lower than those before treatment,and the observation group was lower than the control group(all P<0.05). The whole blood low shear viscosity and fibrinogen levels in the two groups were lower than those before treatment, and the observation group was lower than those in the control group(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Danshen injection iontophoresis is effective in the treatment of patients with RVO, which can effectively improve the visual acuity, treat fundus lesions and improve the abnormal blood flow.
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Surgical resection is one of the main steps in the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. With the popularization of total mesorectal resection and laparoscopic minimally invasive techniques, related current research on surgical treatment has now entered a relatively high-level stage. In this article, we review the research frontiers of surgical treatment on rectal cancer, including reduction of trocars, specimen retrieval through natural orifices, robotic surgery, high definition/3D/indocyanine fluorescence green surgery, surgical approach and key surgery technology. Based on the current environment of evidence-based medicine, colorectal surgeons should adapt to the changes of the times, actively absorb cutting-edge scientific concepts and technologies and integrate them with surgical equipment and instruments, and carry out rigorous and innovative large-scale prospective clinical trials.
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Objective: To understand the use of psychoactive substances and its related factors in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Tianjin. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in MSM recruited in Tianjin by snowball sampling from September 2017 to December 2020, the information about their social demographic information, use of psychoactive substances and behavioral characteristics were collected, meanwhile the blood samples were taken from them for HIV/syphilis detections. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore related factors about psychoactive substances use. Results: A total of 9 218 MSM were included in the study, in whom 43.5% (4 013/9 218) had ever used psychoactive substances, including 92.6% (3 718/4 013)who used Rush and 17.2% (692/4 013) who used multi substances. Multivariate analysis showed that, the OR of psychoactive substances use in MSM who were in Han ethnic group was 0.68 (95%CI:0.51-0.91) compared with those who were in minor ethnic group; the OR of psychoactive substances use in MSM who were married or cohabited, divorced or widowed were 0.65 (95%CI: 0.57-0.71), 0.80 (95%CI: 0.65-0.97) respectively compared with those who were unmarried; the OR of psychoactive substances use in MSM who had the first homosexual sex at age of ≥30 years was 0.57 (95%CI: 0.44-0.74) compared with those who had the first homosexual sex at age of <30 years; the OR of psychoactive substances use in local MSM in Tianjin was 1.12 (95%CI: 1.03-1.23) compared with those who were not local residents in Tianjin; the OR of psychoactive substances use in MSM with education level of college or above was 1.29 (95%CI: 1.12-1.49) compared with those with education level of junior middle school or below; the OR of psychoactive substances use in MSM who had anal sex in the past six months was 1.93 (95%CI: 1.34-2.77) compared with those who had no anal sex; the OR of psychoactive substances use in MSM who had >2 homosexual partners in the last week was 1.62 (95%CI: 1.41-1.87) compared with those who had ≤2 homosexual partners; the OR of psychoactive substances use in MSM who had homosexual commercial sex in the past six months was 1.99 (95%CI: 1.62-2.45) compared with those who had no homosexual commercial sex; the OR of psychoactive substances use in MSM who had sexually transmitted diseases in the last year was 2.39 (95%CI: 1.82-3.12) compared with those who had no sexually transmitted diseases and the OR of psychoactive substances use in MSM who received peer education services in the last year was 1.63 (95%CI: 1.50-1.78) compared with those who received no peer education services. Conclusion: The prevalence of psychoactive substances use is high in MSM in Tianjin, and there are many influencing factors. It is necessary to conduct targeted interventions according to the influencing factors.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , China/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Homosexuality, Male , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Sex Work , Sexual Behavior , Sexual and Gender Minorities , Surveys and Questionnaires , Syphilis/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Objective:To understand the current situation of cognitive dysfunction in patients with coronary heart disease, and explore the risk prediction model of the onset of cognitive dysfunction in patients with coronary heart disease.Methods:A total of 448 patients with coronary heart disease admitted to the North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital from January 2019 to June 2020 were prospectively selected as study subjects. Patients with coronary heart disease were divided into the cognitive dysfunction group ( n=185) and the normal cognitive function group ( n=263) according to whether they were accompanied by cognitive dysfunction. Demographic characteristics, cognitive function, disease history, blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipid and vascular lesions were compared between the two groups. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to evaluate cognitive function. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of cognitive dysfunction in coronary heart disease patients, and the prediction model of the above risk factors was constructed. The value of the prediction model was evaluated by C-index and cilibration curve. Results:The language, abstraction, visual space and execution, delayed memory and total scores of the cognitive dysfunction group were 1.81 ± 0.59, 1.12 ± 0.33, 3.01 ± 0.90, 2.61 ± 0.79 and 22.32 ± 1.70, respectively, which were lower than those of the normal cognitive function group (2.68 ± 0.47, 1.82 ± 0.38, 4.54 ± 0.50, 4.77 ± 0.42, 27.67 ± 0.76), and the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 17.39-40.00, all P<0.05). The age, fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure, proportion of alcohol drinking, proportion of diabetes mellitus in the cognitive dysfunction group were (62.86 ± 5.21) years, (6.19 ± 0.89) mmol/L, (144.00 ± 17.16) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), 36.76% (68/185), 16.22% (30/185), respectively, which were higher than (58.77 ± 5.63) years, (5.46 ± 0.95) mmol/L, (133.74 ± 15.90) mmHg, 27.38% (72/263), 6.84% (18/263) in the normal cognitive function group, the differences were statistically significant ( t=7.81, 8.25, 6.42, χ2=4.45, 9.97, all P<0.05). The rates of single vessel, double vessel and three vessel lesions in the cognitive dysfunction group were 49.73% (92/185), 27.03% (50/185) and 23.24% (43/185), respectively, and those in normal cognitive function group were 46.39% (122/263), 39.92% (105/263) and 13.69% (36/263), respectively ( χ2=11.10, P<0.05) . Logistic regression analysis showed that age, fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure and number of vascular lesions were independent risk factors for coronary heart disease patients with cognitive impairment ( OR values were 1.038-2.216, all P<0.05). The correction curve of the prediction model composed of age, fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure and number of vascular lesions was in good agreement with the ideal curve, and the C-index of the model was 0.807 for the diagnosis of cognitive dysfunction in patients with coronary heart disease. Conclusions:The cognitive dysfunction of patients with coronary heart disease is mainly manifested in language, abstraction, visual space and execution and delayed memory. The prediction model composed of age, fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure and number of vascular lesions has a certain degree of discrimination and accuracy for patients with coronary heart disease complicated by cognitive dysfunction, and can be used for the screening of coronary heart disease complicated by cognitive dysfunction.
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Three sesquiterpenoids were isolated and purified from the 95% ethanol extract of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma by column chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS, and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Their chemical structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and physiochemical properties as(7Z)-8β,13-diacetoxy-eudesma-4(15),7(11)-diene(1), 7-oxo-7,8-secoeudesma-4(15),11-dien-8-oic acid(2), and guai-10(14)-en-11-ol(3). Compounds 1 and 2 are new compounds and compound 3 was obtained from Compositae family for the first time. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 showed weak inhibitory activities against sterol regulatory element-binding proteins(SREBPs).
Subject(s)
Atractylodes/chemistry , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry , Rhizome/chemistry , Sesquiterpenes, Eudesmane/pharmacology , Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitorsABSTRACT
Essential fatty acids are those that could not be synthesized by the body itself but crucial for health and life. Studies have shown that ω-3 fatty acids may facilitate human physiological functions. Mammals lack ω-3 desaturase gene, and the Δ15 fatty acid desaturase (Δ15 Des) from Caenorhabditis elegans can transform the ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) into ω-3 PUFAs. Transgenic mice expressing Δ15 Des enzyme activity was constructed by using a PiggyBac transposon (PB). Homozygous transgenic mice with stable inheritance was bred in a short time, with a positive rate of 35.1% achieved. The mice were fed with 6% ω-6 PUFAs and the changes of fatty acids in mice were detected by gas chromatography (GC). The expression level of Δ15 Des in mice was detected by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting (WB). qPCR and GC analysis revealed that the percentage of positive mice harboring the active gene was 61.53%. Compared with traditional methods, the transformation efficiency and activity of Δ15 Des were significantly improved, and homozygotes showed higher activity than that of heterozygotes. This further verified the efficient transduction efficiency of the PiggyBac transposon system.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics , Fatty Acid Desaturases/genetics , Fatty Acids , Fatty Acids, Omega-3 , Mice, TransgenicABSTRACT
Breastfeeding plays a crucial role in the early and even later health of offspring.Epidermal growth factor(EGF)in breast milk is one of growth factor family members, which can regulate energy balance and is closely related to the growth and development of infants.In recent years, researchers at home and abroad have paid close attention to the research of EGF in breast milk.The paper summarizes the basic situation of EGF, and the content, the influencing factors, the main functions of EGF in breast milk and the risk relationship between EGF in breast milk and diseases, in order to point out the direction for further research of EGF in breast milk.
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Objective: As an important food therapy product with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) applications, donkey-hide gelatin (Asini Corii Colla, ACC) has been used for thousands of years. However, till now few effective strategy had been proposed to distinguish ACC from other animal hide gelatins, especially closely related horse- and mule-hide gelatins, which was an embarrassment of ACC quality control. Methods: Combined mass spectrometry and bioinformatic methods have been applied to identify and verify two ACC-specific peptides (Pep-1 and Pep-2) capable of distinguishing ACC from other closely related animal gelatins with high selectivity. Results: It confirmed that these two peptides could be not only used for distinguishing ACC from highly homologous horse-hide and mule-hide gelatins as well as other animal hide gelatins. Conclusion: The present study provides a simple method for species-specific peptides discovery, which can be used for assessing the quality of animal gelatin products, and ensure they are authenticable and traceable.